Evaluation of 2004 Toyota Prius Hybrid Electric Drive System Interim Report

Source: www.ornl.gov
Topic: Toyota

Short Desciption:
Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the electrical and mechanical performance of the 2004 Toyota Prius and its hybrid electric drive system. As a hybrid vehicle, the 2004 Prius uses both a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine and a battery-powered electric motor as motive power sources. Innovative algorithms for combining these two power sources results in improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to traditional automobiles. ...

 

Content Inside:
The 2004 Prius is a new-generation hybrid automobile that was introduced into the market in September 2003 by the Toyota Motor Corporation. As a hybrid vehicle, the 2004 Prius uses both a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine capable of delivering a peak power output of 57 kW and a battery-powered electric motor capable of delivering a peak power output of 50 kW as motive power sources. Combining these two-motive power sources results in improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to traditional automobiles and provides the 2004 Prius with the following energy- saving characteristics. To maintain the operating temperature of the various system components within an acceptable range, the 2004 Prius has two separate ethylene glycol based coolant systems. The arrangements of these coolant systems and a brief description of their functional characteristics are presented in Fig. 2.3. The engine coolant system is similar to the coolant system in a traditional automobile. Its purpose is to circulate a liquid coolant through the engine to remove excess thermal energy generated by fuel combustion. A pump forces the coolant to flow from the engine to a radiator where the waste heat is dumped. To keep the coolant from escaping, the coolant is confined in a closed loop that is protected from over pressurization by a self-closing pressure relief valve (radiator cap). This valve vents at a pressure that is slightly above atmospheric pressure thereby allowing the coolant to remain liquid at a temperature slightly above the boiling point of water. To accommodate changes in coolant volume caused by temperature and pressure fluctuations, the system includes a tank that functions as an overflow reservoir. The engine coolant system also includes an insulated coolant storage bottle that stores hot coolant during shutdown and makes it available when the engine is restarted. Using hot coolant in this way reduces exhaust gas emissions produced during cold-engine startup.

 

 

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